Wyświetlono wiadomości znalezione dla frazy: Ernest Bevin
Temat: Do Oppelnera i Chrisrafa
zelazna kurtyna
"Na przełomie lipca i sierpnia 1945 roku problem stacjonowania Armii Czerwonej w
Polsce omawiany był na arenie międzynarodowej. W czasie Konferencji Poczdamskiej
prezydent Stanów Zjednoczonych Harry Truman i minister spraw zagranicznych
Wielkiej Brytanii Ernest Bevin domagali się wycofania wojsk sowieckich z naszego
kraju(co było bez wątpienia grą pozorów).
Pod ich naciskiem Stalin wyraził na to zgodę. Zastrzegł jednak, że pozostawi
pewne jednostki dla ubezpieczenia dwóch linii komunikacyjnych, łączących ZSRR z
jego strefą okupowaną w Niemczech. Jak było do przewidzenia, Stalin nie
dotrzymał danego słowa. Wszak pozostawienie wojsk radzieckich w Polsce
zapewniało mu wpływ na politykę wewnętrzną naszego państwa. Wiedziały o tym
mocarstwa zachodnie, co potwierdza raport ambasadora brytyjskiego Victora
Cavendish-Bentinck'a. W depeszy z listopada informował on Foreign Office: "
Alianci nie mieli wplywu na to, co dzialo sie za "zelazna kurtyna" Zobacz więcej odpowiedzi
Temat: Angielskie nazwy polskich partii (z MRSP 2004)
Moznaby tu powiedziec: "jak zwal tak zwal", skoro MRSP tak wlasnie chce
tlumaczyc nazwy polskich partii politycznych ale socjologicznie rzecz ujmujac
ktos tu stara sie przesuwac spektrum dotychczasowego znaczenia, ktore
historycznie wszyscy znaja, w kierunku jakby wyidealizowanym do ktorego, partie
te chcialyby dorownac.
Co mam na mysli?
Ot na przyklad Unia Pracy jako Labour Union. Posluzono sie tutaj brytyjskim
angielskim ( a nie np.: amerykanskim - Labor), ale tez historycznie jakby
przywdziewajac sie w szatki silnej lewicowej Labour Party Wielkiej Brytanii,
znanej szeroko na swiecie i szczycacej sie, waznymi historycznie, nazwiskami jak
chocby Ernest Bevin, minister spraw zagranicznych z poczatkow lat 50-tych,
oredownik i wspolorganizator NATO.
Inna partia, Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe ktora wszyscy w Polsce odbieraja jako
partie glownie chlopska (korzenie tej partii to przeciez Mikolajczyk i jeszcze
wczesniej PIAST) a tu masz ci babo placek - Polish People's Party co moznaby
tlumaczyc jako partia narodowa, spoleczna albo obywatelska (cos na ksztalt
ogolnopolskiego ruchu spolecznego), zamiast poprostu Polish Peasants' Party, jak
Bog przykazal.
Ponadto obawiam sie, ze nazwanie Samoobrony Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej poprostu
jako "Self-Defence of the Republik of Poland" u angielsko-jezycznego czytelnika
wywolywac bedzie skojarzenia z jakas nowa nazwa polskich Sil Zbrojnych.
Ja bym tam dodal albo zamienil na: Self-Defence Party of the Republik of Poland.
Zobacz więcej odpowiedzi
Temat: Izrael - panstwo dzieki swoim terrorystom
Izrael - panstwo dzieki swoim terrorystom cz.II
The Stern Group
In 1939, when war broke out between Britain and Germany, Avraham Stern, one of
the leaders of the Irgun, who had studied in Italy and was an admirer of
Mussolini, rejected any support for the British against Germany. He argued
that the British were the main enemy. There was no difference between the Nazi-
fascist states and the Western democracies, between communists and social
democrats, between Hitler and Chamberlain, or between Dachau and Buchenwald
and closing Palestine off to the Jews. When he failed to persuade the majority
of the Irgun to support him, he broke with the Revisionist movement and his
faction became known as the Stern Group.
While both the mainstream Zionists and the Revisionists supported the British
against Germany and joined the British armed forces, the Stern Group opposed
conscription of the Jews and went on to carry out armed robberies, murders,
and terrorist attacks against both the British and the Arabs. It waged a
campaign of terror aimed at driving out the British and establishing a Jewish
state on the entire land of biblical Palestine, including Transjordan. With
the Jews a minority in Palestine, such a state would necessarily mean
expelling the Arab population to ensure its Jewish character.
In his support for the enemy of the British, Stern turned a blind eye to the
anti-Semitism of the Nazis. The Stern Group’s policies and actions were
opposed and condemned by the overwhelming majority of Jews in Palestine.
In return for help from first the Italians and later the Germans in driving
the British out of Palestine, Stern promised that the new Jewish state would
become a German client state while Jerusalem, with the exception of the Jewish
holy places, would become a province of the Vatican. In other words, the
establishment of a Jewish state took precedence over the safety of European
Jewry. His group had meetings with the Nazi regime’s representatives and tried
to recruit 40,000 Jews from occupied Europe to invade Palestine and defeat the
British. But the Germans had no more wish to alienate the Arabs and lose the
chance of gaining access to the region’s oil resources than the British and
dismissed the offer.
The British shot and killed Stern in February 1942 and imprisoned his
immediate coterie, including Yitzhak Shamir, the future prime minister.
The Lehi
As the war drew to a close, Stern’s followers, including Shamir on his release
from jail, regrouped as the Lehi with similar aims, including
Stern’s “Eighteen Principles of National Renewal” that proclaimed a Jewish
state from the Nile to the Euphrates. They adopted the methods of the IRA in
its struggles against the British. Shamir even used Michael as his nom de
guerre, after Michael Collins. The now embarrassing Nazi-fascist affiliation
was dropped in favour of Britain’s latest enemy, the Soviet Union, although
some advocated an alliance with the Arab national liberation movements that
opposed the stooge regimes imposed by British imperialism.
Lehi denounced the Labour Zionists and the mainstream Revisionist movement for
relying upon negotiations with the British. As far as Lehi was concerned, the
British were the Gestapo and the Labour Zionists were akin to Vichy Europe,
and Lehi were the resistance. Asked if it was possible to achieve national
liberation through terrorism, Lehi’s response was, “The answer is no! If the
question is, are terrorist activities useful for the progress of revolution
and liberation, the answer is yes.”
Lehi’s most notorious action was the assassination of Lord Moyne, the British
military commander in Egypt in 1944.
According to Shindler, a fellow in Israeli Studies at the School of Oriental
and African Studies, University of London, and author of The Land Beyond
Promise: Israel, Likud and the Zionist Dream, Lehi copied the methods of the
IRA. Between September 1942 and July 1946, when Shamir was arrested and exiled
to Eritrea, there were seven assassination attempts on the life of the British
High Commissioner in Palestine and several more were planned, including Ernest
Bevin, the British foreign secretary and members of British intelligence
forces. It was Shamir who planned the assassination of Lord Moyne. Lehi also
carried out 14 assassination attempts against Jews who worked or were believed
to work for British intelligence. It was not averse to killing its own members
if the need arose.
While Lehi was by far the smallest of the Zionist terrorist groups, the
Stern/Lehi group carried out 71 percent of all political assassinations
between 1940 and 1948. Nearly half of these were against fellow Jews.
Even after the establishment of the Zionist state, Lehi continued its
murderous activities. Hazit Ha’Moledet, the Fatherland Front, a Lehi splinter
group that later formed the Moledet party, carried out the assassination of
Count Folke Bernadotte, a UN envoy seeking to arrange a peace agreement
between Israel and the Arabs.
To be continued
Zobacz więcej odpowiedzi